flow meter types and their principles pdf
E Open Channel Meters. This variable area principle consists of three basic elements.
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Because of this the cross-section of the flow is determined by the depth of the pipe or channel and shape that.
. Thermal flow meters are used to work with gases and liquids. There are many ways to measure flow of a liquid gas or steam. Handbook of Multiphase Flow Metering Page 50 of 113.
Traditional or mechanical flow meter and new technology or electronic flow meter. A flow meter is an instrument used to measure linear nonlinear mass or volumetric flow rate of a liquid or a gas. This is subject to wear.
The most popular type of heating method is electric. Differential-pressure flow meter This meter operates based on Bernoullis principle. Due to obstruction dirt and sediments are collected.
WHAT ARE FLOW METERS THEIR MAIN TYPES. Vari- able Area flowmeters generally have a flow range of 1125 which corresponds to a percent range from 8 to 100. Rotameters are a particular kind of flowmeter based on the variable area principle.
Flow meters are broadly classified as. Hot wire anemometers based on h fv 4. Coriolis meters are ideal for any application where high accuracy is a key factor for consistent product quality safety and revenue.
Fall under mechanical type flow meters. In order to measure the amount of water flowing through an aquaduct they would place a board across the flow and measure how high the water was when it flowed over the. Power lines relays solenoids transformers motors and generators all contribute their share of interference.
They provide a simple precise and economical means of indicating flow rates in fluid systems. Principle of operation consists in applying effect of transfer of thermal energy with using a movable flow. One of the first obstruction flow meters was used by the ancient Samarians.
10 The float travel is limited by float stops 4 and the meter tube is surrounded by a pro- tective housing 6. Friction pressure drop packed screens 3. A uniformly tapered flow tube a float and a measurement scale.
Differential Pressure Orifice Plate Venturi Tube Flow Tube Flow Nozzle Pitot Tube Elbow Tap Target Variable-Area Rotameter Positive Displacement Reciprocating Piston Oval Gear Nutating Disk Rotary Vane Velocity Turbine Vortex Shedding Swirl Electromagnetic Ultrasonic Doppler Ultrasonic Transit-Time Mass. Stray magnetic fields exist in most industrial plants. And every type of flow meter can be assigned to one of two categories.
Inferential type flow meters. Mechanical type flow meters. The main characteristics of thermal sensors are.
These flow meters are of different types depending on the quantity being measured and the principle on which they operate. The following list shows some of the popular flow meter types. This has low efficiency.
Differential pressure meter variable area meter turbine flow meter Coriolis meter gear meter. Since 1989 there were at least 23 distinct type of technologies available for the measurement of flow in closed conduit. The placement of the heating element.
Rotameter consist of tapered tube made by glass or plastic with a float inside that is free to move A rotameter is device measure flow rate of liquid and gas in a closed tube It belongs to class of meters called variable flow meter in which pressure drop remain constant and flow varies directly with cross sectional area. An orifice flow meter Figure 1. The sharpness of the orifice gets affected leading to inaccuracy.
As long as water is dispersed in the oil and does not form a continuous path of water between the electrodes. Users must ensure themselves that the flowmeter they have selected is immune to such interference. There is considerable pressure loss.
Accuracy is low particularly for high orifice pipe. Fixed restriction variable head type flow meters using different sensors like orifice plate venturi tube flow nozzle pitot tube dall tube quan-tity meters like positive displacement meters mass flow meters etc. 1827 Types of Flow Meter.
So the flow rate can be determined by measuring the pressure drop across the restriction. Meters and their applications have now been included in the Handbook since wet gas is considered as a subset of multiphase flows. As the name suggests these fluid flow meters used in industries are ideal for measuring liquid flow in open channels.
Turbine flow meters where frequency velocity 6. Flow meters selection are part of the basic art of the instrument engineer and while only handful of these technologies contribute to the majority of installationsAnd wide product knowledge is essential to. Figure 76 A typical capacitance measurement principle.
Pressure drop devices based on Bernoulli Principle a Venturi b Orifice plate c Pitot tube 2. Cryogenic flow metering techniques 1. Common types of differential-pressure flow meters are the orifice the pitot tube and the venturi tube.
In general the equipment can be classified as differential pressure positive displacement velocity and mass meters. Flow measurement is accomplished through the use of flow meters Figure 2 as discussed in detail earlier in this article. And every type of flow meter can be assigned to one of two categories.
It mea-sures the differential-pressure drop across a constriction in the flows path to infer the flow velocity. The flowrate scale for glass tube flowmeters is located directly on the meter tube. Most flowmeter suppliers offer intrinsically safe designs for such uses.
Flow meters can be classified into differential pressure meters variable area meter positive displacement meters magnetic turbine ultrasonic vortex and Coriolis. Types of Flow Meters Coriolis DP Meters Magnetic Meters Multiphase Meters Ultrasonic Meters Vortex Meters Coriolis meters are generally considered the most repeatably accurate flow meters available today. Flow Meter Evaluation Table Fluid and Flow Characteristics The fluid and its pressure temperature allowable pressure drop density or specific gravity conductivity viscosity Newtonian or not and vapor pressure at maximum operating temperature are listed together with an indication of how these properties might vary or interact.
This capacitance measurement works as long as the flow is oil continuous ie. The open channel flow occurs when part of the flowing fluid is open to the free surface. Differential pressure devices also known as head meters include orifices venturi tubes flow tubes flow nozzles pitot tubes elbow-tap meters target meters and variable-area meters Fig.
In differential pressure meters a restriction is used to create a pressure drop. 20 Obstruction flow meters Obstruction flow meters are the simples and oldest of the measurement classes. Acoustic flow meters based on Doppler effect 5.
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